Samurai Knights Warriors

Samurai Knights Warriors The samurai of feudal Japan and the medieval knights of Europe had underlying similarities and differences. The comparison between these two elite, aristocratic warriors can be shown through their honour, military technology, and challenges a typical warrior had to face on an everyday basis. Their purposes as well as the basic concept of their codes, chivalry and bushido, were almost exactly identical. Furthermore, Samurai and knights both faced trouble against new modern technologies such as the arquebus, even though the samurais deftness in archery was extremely proficient. Even though the definition of samurai and knight are essentially parallel, the two had many differences. The two warriors of Japan and Europe were alike because they existed to serve a similar purpose. Samurai or an alternate name bushi, were initially warriors hired by powerful families to fight against the Yamato court by at the Nara Periods end around 793 C.E. (Turnbull, 32) Later on, Samurai were vassals hired by a daimyo or lord who would own a substantial amount of land. In return, the samurai would receive a certain amount of koku, the unit of measure of rice, and a place to sleep in the daimyos estate. (Wilson, 170) A daimyo would expect complete loyalty from a samurai and the duty to the daimyo would come before any personal issues including religion and family. (Sansom, 368) Entire duty and loyalty towards a daimyo relates to Bushido, or the way of the warrior. According to Inazo Nitobe, a Japanese author, bushido had seven key values: Justice, courage, benevolence, politeness, veracity, honour, and loyalty. Stephen Turnbull contradicted Nitobe by saying â€Å"such was the popularity of Nitobes work that not only was all this fully accepted, but his other misconception† (Turnbull154) Bushido was not a concept carved into stone, but instead a â€Å"general attitude† from samurai. (Turnbull 156) The things that Turnbull said have some truth because the two samurai, Torii Mototada and Miyamoto Musashi had completely different opinions towards the concept of Bushido. Mototada expresses his complete loyalty to his daimyo when he wrote his last letter to his son before the fall of the Fushimi castle in 1600 when he wrote For myself, I am resolved to make a stand inside the castle, and to die a quick death But that is not the true meaning of being a warrior to show ones weakness is not within the family traditions of my master Ieyasu. It is not the way of the warrior to be shamed and avoid death even under circumstances that are not particularly important. It goes with out saying that to sacrifice ones life for ones master is an unchanging principle. (Turnbull, 156) Mototada explicitly says that he must die for his daimyo to maintain his loyalty. Musashi on the other hand, entirely declined the idea of dying for a daimyo when he said â€Å"The true way of swordsmanship is to fight with your opponent and win your real intent should not be to die with weapons worn uselessly at your side.† (Wilson, 162) There is a name for ritual suicide committed by a samurai if they feel they have failed their daimyo in retaining their loyalty and duty. A samurai would also commit suicide if his daimyo is killed and the samurai feels he needs to attend with him into the next world. (Wilson, 274) Seppuku or Hara-kiri involved a samurai stabbing himself in the stomach usually with a dagger. Seppuku could be performed either as a prepared slow ritual inside a domicile or a quick and simple death. (Turnbull website) Either way, the process would have definitely been painful and sometimes, a samurai would request a second soldier to cut off his head to end the pain of seppuku. In addition to retaining their loyalty as a reason for committing suicide, a samurai might also kill himself if he was captured by an enemy or failed to accomplish a mission, though samurai rarely killed themselves like in such behavior. (Turnbull, website) Knights of Europe would have seen this act as greatly foreign since there were never any incidents of a knight committing suicide out of respect. (Turnbull, website) A knight indeed could have been dedicated to fight for a cause if they wanted to, as shown in the crusades, but they never to an extent of killing himself. Like the samurai, knights were vassals and were essentially the same as samurai by definition. They were aristocratic men who were vassals and paid their military services to dukes or counts that were great landlords and controlled the safety and system over a region. (Cantor, 7) Dukes and counts from their vassals wanted, like the daimyo, loyalty. The vassals could pay this through military services, rents, and taxes. There was a difference between Japanese and European vassals though. In Japan, all vassals were samurai, but in Europe, not all vassals were knights since knights could have their own vassals who also could have their own vassals and so forth. (Sansom, 368) Another difference was that the contemplation that the count or duke owed to the knight was written down in a contract called a charter, but in the Japanese version, the samurai did not ask for anything from the daimyo before hand. (Sansom, 368) Some things the duke owed a knight for their services were a place to s leep, free meals in his castle, a horse and armour. The knight also received a part of the dukes land as part of the deal that was called a fief. (Cantor, 7) In order to gain their fighting tactics and skill using swords and other equipment, knights would occupy themselves in tournaments against other knights. Before a battle between knights, a knight had to be properly equipped with armour usually consisting of chain mail in addition to breastplates and open-faced or full helms. Having many servants present was necessary in order to fully equip a knight with such armour. In order to show affection for their lady, a knight would also wear a scarf attached to their helmet. (Turnbull, website) The samurai on the contrary, did not usually express this sort of emotion. When they did however, it was to complete another mission as it shows in â€Å"Gikeiki, a life of Minamoto Yoshitsune, there is a scene where the hero seduces a young woman, but his underlying motive is the acquisition of a Chinese military scroll possessed by her father! (Turnbull, website) During tournaments, knights would wield long blunted lances or swords and charge at ea ch other while on horseback. (Cantor, 44) Even though weapons were blunted, knights still got injured from blows striking the throat area. Most knights were aware of the risk of injury, and so when a knight was forcibly dismounted off their horse, the battle was over. Hand to hand combat on the ground was dangerous. (Cantor, 50) Not battling on the ground during tournaments was purely because of the risk of danger, not because of the common misinterpretation of knights being immobile when off of their horse. While on foot, knights could move around swiftly enough. Knights plate armour would have chainmail on the armpits so they could raise and lower their arms quite freely. (Cantor, 46)

Cambridge Syllabus With Qns

There will be no statement specifically asking for examples; it is assumed that they will form a natural part of the response. Some questions will require specific reference to Singapore and Singapore issues. The paper will consist of a mixture of direct questions and statements that are intended to provoke a response from the candidate. The latter should provoke thought, rather than just acceptance of the assertion. Whilst some questions may appear to have a particularly ‘topical flavor', this is the result of chance, not design, since questions are set well in advance of the year in which any given examination is taken.Of course, candidates are able to make use of such material for the purpose of relevant illustration, but any attempt to ;spot' a likely topic for a given year is unlikely to prove useful. The Framing of the Questions The Principal Examiner submits a selection of proposed questions, covering a range of topic areas. These are then scrutinized by a panel of Senio r Examiners / Moderators for comment / suggested changes or modifications. The purpose of this is to ensure balance and to avoid any possible misunderstanding Or ambiguity in the wording that could disadvantage candidates.The Principal Examiner reviews the first draft in the light of the above and submits a second version of the Paper which is discussed and finalized at a meeting with the Subject Officer and the Scrutinizers. All questions are equally weighted. There is no credit given to a response to a question simply because it may be deemed ‘more difficult'. For the sake of rarity in the Paper, various words / phrase are used as question ‘prompts' e. G Discuss, Do you agree? , To what extent, Is it fair†¦? , How far†¦? . There is little or no difference in the demands of the question depending on the ‘prompt' that is used.However, key words to note are ‘always', ‘never', ‘every', ‘all', and any other words that seem to suggest an extreme position, or one that offers no alternative view. This is a highly unlikely situation and such words or phrases should be challenged. Some Thoughts on the Use of English The Principal Examiner's report for the past few years has stressed the point hat Centers and Candidates appear to be well aware of the demands of the Paper, but that it is the quality of expression that is the clearest discriminator between scripts.The Reports have also listed the recurrent nature of the problems to be found in weaker scripts. Essentially, these relate to a) subject / verb agreement; b) confused and insecure use of tenses; c) incorrect use of prepositions; d) incorrect use of language / common confusions; e) certain recurrent Structures, especially' Although†¦ Because' . Candidates sometimes seem to rely on stock words and phrases. Whilst this can assist retain students, it can also detract from a sense of a confident personal voice.Nothing can replace the experience of developing l anguage in context through broad reading of quality texts. Candidates are given credit for what is termed ‘felicitous expression' and examples of good vocabulary and phrasing are acknowledged with a ‘tick' in the text. This often acts as an indicator when assessing the ‘Use of English' mark that a script is approaching the top band. Nevertheless, this only applies if the use of such vocabulary forms part of an overall fluency in the writing. A simple style does not have to be simplistic.Poor control, leading to a breakdown in sentence structure, is the greatest reason for a poor English mark. By simply varying sentence openings, and ensuring that economy of language is achieved, a good mark can be gained for use of English. The use of jargon, especially when addressing economic and social issues, has already been raised. These are not necessarily undesirable, as long as they are explained and form part of the candidate's own individual style. Introductions are very important and examiners are asked to make a brief comment on the Opening to each essay.An effective introduction shows an immediate awareness of the central issues of the question, defining any difficult words, or ones that require clear parameters for the purpose of the discussion. Often, however, candidates waste too much time in defining unnecessarily simple ideas, such as a ‘school' or a ‘business'. Of course, it is useful to give a brief account of the different types in each case, but there are occasions when an over-pedantic attempt at definition merely blurs the introduction, rather than clarifying the direction that the essay will aim to pursue.

Heres What I Know About Earth Day Essay Topics

Here's What I Know About Earth Day Essay Topics Introducing Earth Day Essay Topics There are lots of reasons to become involved in activities. Some businesses require that you collect all the money, but others do that for you. Writing teaching resources is essential for sharing the practice. Strategies for smaller businesses There are many ways in which businesses can become more eco-friendly. There are a number of strategies to reuse all sorts of items which you may not think twice about throwing in the garbage. Recycling is a superb way for children to become involved in taking good care of Earth. Plenty of kids become excited about recycling. Things You Should Know About Earth Day Essay Topics Solid green china in various shades may add a great deal of texture to a table setting. It's well-known that old and girls club the 3 great ways for sharing the value of recycling 3r waste solutions. Earth Day coloring pages are another of the various activities which encourage the progression of the art skills of somebody through the use of colors into various figures or illustrations. There is a plethora of totally free information from the internet regarding how to be more environmentally sustainable. What You Must Know About Earth Day Essay Topics Earth day is quite an obnoxious moment. It is our home and we all need to protect it. Earth Day is a rather important holiday! There are definitely countless explanations for why people ought to be celebrating Earth Day. Key to the true purpose of that which we recycle! The students will have the ability to suspend their Planet Earth in their bedroom and it'll be a concrete reminder in their opinion. The prospect of winning a $1,000 scholarship is a very good reason behind busy seniors to select the opportunity to compose a sincere and thoughtful essay. Seniors don't have to be planning an environmental emphasis in their future studies or career to be able to be qualified for the contest and scholarships. Following are different kinds of essay topics for students that are categorized in many sections so you can easily chose the topic according to your need and requirement. Therefore, many students and employees decide to obtain low-cost essay rather than writing it themselves. Things You Won't Like About Earth Day Essay Topics and Things You Will You may get in touch with your nearby grocery store for large paper grocery bags that students may decorate. Volunteers are welcome to assist with al l types of work associated with this celebration. Folks can basically quit cutting trees, or else they can begin planting trees. Use reusable plastic bags Single use bags particularly, plastic, are extremely bad for the surroundings. Soil erosion, Infertility, very low water levels are rising day by day. Inform people about our environment and explain the reason it's important to deal with it. Every invention drains the environment and our lifestyles now are too fantastic to ever quit. Learn more regarding the environment. It ought to be the duty of every human being to deal with its environment. Once you're ready to have things off the ground, your very best asset is going to be your own self-discipline. Show them that a person can earn a difference for the surroundings and your group is doing everything possible to help that movement. All around the world, environmentally conscious folks, even organizations independently, are taking actions towards becoming more eco-friendly. Discuss with friends in regard to what steps you may take to lessen your carbon footprint. It's important that all of us make a bid to decrease our water usage. If you don't trust the tap water, utilizing a filter is still far better than buying bottled water. Reduce means you need to attempt to cut back the total amount of waste that you throw out. What Everybody Dislikes About Earth Day Essay Topics and Why We need to keep the organic quality of our mother earth as a way to continue the nutritious life here. Because of the special structure of the planet Earth, distance from sunlight and other bodily causes, life was found here. Earth is really the most known planet within this universe, where life is possible, because it has all of the things required for life. Earth day is about promoting awareness of the planet's environment and the way to best preserve it for future generations. It's celebrated annually to encourage the folks of the earth whilst maintaining the all-natural environment of the planet. Your earth essay could speak about how we endanger our planet and the large range of life on it through mismanagement of the assorted organic resources. An essay on earth could revolve around the development of the planet earth. Save yourself earth slogan motivates people to conserve earth and its natural resources to provide our future generations a secure and wholesome atmosphere. Earth Day Essay Topics for Dummies There are a lot of great green reads to select from. It's pretty straightforward stuff. The iceberg is directly ahead but the time required to steer it to some other training course is simply not there.

Economic Questions - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 689 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? Question: You have been given the following information and data that pertains the demand for firm’s product summarized as a function of its own price and income. Where the total number of statistical units (n) is 150 and the number of parameters (k) is 3. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Economic: Questions" essay for you Create order Required: From the above information, compute the following values in linear regression analysis. A) R-Squared (R2) B) Adjusted R2 D) Degrees of freedom; between, within, and total E) Standard error of intercept F) t-statistic for the price of X G) Coefficient t estimate of income Answers: A) R-Square is referred to as the statistical measure that shows how close the data is to the fitted regression line (Fox, 2015). It is known as coefficient of determination and is computed as the ratio of error sum of squares from the regression to the total error sum of squares. That is, in order to compute the value of R-Square, the value of error sum of squares from the regression, and the total error sum of squares   have to be computed. And so, from the above information given, the value of; Therefore, R-Square (R2) becomes; This implies that there is a strong correlation between the variables and the relationship is strongly non-linear. B) The adjusted R2 is computed as; C) The value of is computed as: D) The degrees of freedom (df) is equal to the sum of individual degrees of freedom for each and every sample. And because each sample has degrees of freedom that are equivalent to one less than their size of sample, with samples k, the total degrees of freedom will be attained through subtracting k from the total number of sample size. That is; Degrees of freedom between (SSB) Degrees of freedom within (SSW) Total = SSW + SSB = N – 1 = 147 + 2 = 149 E) To compute the standard error of intercept, you use the relationship between t-statistic and the parameter estimate value together with its standard error. That is; F) Similarly, t-statistic is referred to the measure of relative strength of prediction. In essence, it is more reliable than the regression coefficient since it takes into account the error value. And so, to calculate the t-statistic for the price of X, you use the relationship between the parameter estimate value together with its standard error. That is; G) The same method is used to estimate the value of coefficient estimate for income. And this is; For that case, the computed values altogether are; For each and every type of t-test one uses, a specific procedure has to be used in order to account to all your data in the sample make it a single value, the t-value (Darlington Hayes, 2016). When you calculate the t-values, you are comparing your sample means to the hypothesis and using both the size of sample and the data variability. When t-value is 0, this indicates that the results from the sample are equivalent to the null hypothesis. However, t-value increases as a result of increase in the difference between the sample data and the null hypothesis. In this case, the rule of thumb states that I the absolute value of t-statistic is greater than 2, the corresponding parameter estimate is statistically indistinct from zero. This implies that having worked out the values of t-statistic for both the income and intercept, we’ve noticed they are greater than 2. And so, his indicates that the estimated coefficient of the income and intercept are statistically dissimilar from zero. Let us analyze the regression line and see how the data fits. It’s good to note that there is only a little difference between the value of R2 and that of adjusted R2, where both are 0.85. When the value of coefficient of determination is high, it implies that the data fits well in the regression line. The significance value for this regression is considered to be 0.00, and the F-statistic has a value of 12.05, which is a large value in this case. This means that there is absolutely no chance that the estimated regression model would fit the data, and if it does, perhaps in an accidental way (Gao King, 2015). Consequently, the regression is regarded to be highly significant.